Main aim of this study is the assessment of epistemic uncertainty in modelling soil water dynamics.With Willmott's refined index of agreement, discrepancies in soil water storage were about 15% (weak bimodality) or more than 30% (strong bimodality). Two different scenarios enable the epistemic uncertainty to be evaluated when different hydraulic models are considered for soil with weak or strong bimodality. This test also enables soil spatial variation to be taken into consideration. A subsequent test that involved simulations of soil water budget for the period 2000–2012 was implemented for a peach-orchard field by a conventional scaling method. Seven soil samples taken from a previous study were used in numerical simulations of drainage or infiltration processes there were large relative discrepancies in terms of simulated soil water storage. We use the HYDRUS-1D package to quantify and compare soil moisture dynamics and storage regimes for hydrological processes at both the event and annual timescales when the soil domain is characterized by either unimodal or bimodal hydraulic properties. Comparisons between unimodal and bimodal soil hydraulic relations are more effective and informative when performed within a functional evaluation approach. Nevertheless, the reliability of soil hydraulic analytical relations is often tested only at the curve fitting level. To overcome some drawbacks of the unimodal relations commonly used to describe soil hydraulic properties (SHPs), previously we developed bimodal lognormal relations that have the following main features: (i) they are closed-form expressions, (ii) they have a sound theoretical basis and provide a more general conceptualization of soil and (iii) they improve the description of both the water retention (WRF) and hydraulic conductivity (HCF) functions.
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